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sql随机读取N条记录...精妙SQL语句收集

随机取出n条记录:

Oracle:select * from( select  *  from 表名 order by dbms_random.value) where rownum <= 20;

Sql server:select top n * from 表 order by newid()

Access:Select top n * FROM 表 orDER BY Rnd(id)

mysql:Select * From 表 order By rand() Limit n

select * from youtab where mod ( rowid , 3 ) = 0    

建议把MSSQL的联机丛书中的 Transact-SQL 参考大致看一遍,很多东西就心中有数了

mysql中随机提取数据库记录

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

  1. select * from tablename order by rand() limit 10  

 

select * from tablename order by rand() limit 10

sqlserver中随机提取数据库记录

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

  1. select top 10 * from tablename order by NEWID()  

 

select top 10 * from tablename order by NEWID()

Access中随机提取数据库记录

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

  1. SELECT top 10 * FROM tablename ORDER BY Rnd(FId)  

 

SELECT top 10 * FROM tablename ORDER BY Rnd(FId)

FId:为你当前表的ID字段名

 

附:精妙SQL语句收集

 

 

SQL语句先前写的时候,很容易把一些特殊的用法忘记,我特此整理了一下SQL语句操作。

一、基础

1、说明:创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE database-name

2、说明:删除数据库

drop database dbname

3、说明:备份sql server

--- 创建 备份数据的 device

USE master

EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:mssql7backupMyNwind_1.dat'

--- 开始 备份

BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack

4、说明:创建新表

create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)

根据已有的表创建新表:

A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)

B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2... from tab_old definition only

5、说明:删除新表

drop table tabname

6、说明:增加一个列

Alter table tabname add column col type

注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。

7、说明:添加主键: Alter table tabname add primary key(col)

说明:删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)

8、说明:创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col....)

删除索引:drop index idxname

注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。

9、说明:创建视图:create view viewname as select statement

删除视图:drop view viewname

10、说明:几个简单的基本的sql语句

选择:select * from table1 where 范围

插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)

删除:delete from table1 where 范围

更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围

查找:select * from table1 where field1 like '%value1%' ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!

排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]

总数:select count as totalcount from table1

求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1

平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1

最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1

最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

11、说明:几个高级查询运算词

A: UNION 运算符

UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。

B: EXCEPT 运算符

EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。

C: INTERSECT 运算符

INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。

注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。

12、说明:使用外连接

A、left outer join:

左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

B:right outer join:

右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。

C:full outer join:

全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。

二、提升

1、说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用)

法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1

法二:select top 0 * into b from a

2、说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用)

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、说明:跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in '具体数据库' where 条件

例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"data.mdb" &"' where..

4、说明:子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)

select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间

select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)

select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、说明:在线视图查询(表名1:a )

select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8、说明:between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括

select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2

select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9、说明:in 的使用方法

select * from table1 where a [not] in ('值1','值2','值4','值6')

10、说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息

delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

11、说明:四表联查问题:

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明:一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明:前10条记录

select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明:选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明:包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表

(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明:随机取出10条数据

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明:随机选择记录

select newid()

19、说明:删除重复记录

Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明:列出数据库里所有的表名

select name from sysobjects where type='U'

21、说明:列出表里的所有的

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

22、说明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case。

select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

显示结果:

type vender pcs

电脑 A 1

电脑 A 1

光盘 B 2

光盘 A 2

手机 B 3

手机 C 3

23、说明:初始化表table1

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、说明:选择从10到15的记录

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

三、技巧

1、1=1,1=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多

"where 1=1" 是表示选择全部   "where 1=2"全部不选,

如:

if @strWhere !=''

begin

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere

end

else

begin

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'

end

我们可以直接写成

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere

2、收缩数据库

--重建索引

DBCC REINDEX

DBCC INDEXDEFRAG

--收缩数据和日志

DBCC SHRINKDB

DBCC SHRINKFILE

3、压缩数据库

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限

exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'

go

5、检查备份集

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:dvbbs.bak'

6、修复数据库

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER

GO

DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK

GO

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER

GO

7、日志清除

SET NOCOUNT ON

DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,

        @MaxMinutes INT,

        @NewSize INT

USE     tablename             -- 要操作的数据库名

SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名

@MaxMinutes = 10,               -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.

        @NewSize = 1                  -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize

DECLARE @OriginalSize int

SELECT @OriginalSize = size

FROM sysfiles

WHERE name = @LogicalFileName

SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +

        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +

        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'

FROM sysfiles

WHERE name = @LogicalFileName

CREATE TABLE DummyTrans

(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter   INT,

        @StartTime DATETIME,

        @TruncLog VARCHAR(255)

SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),

        @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)

EXEC (@TruncLog)

-- Wrap the log if necessary.

WHILE     @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired

      AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)

      AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize

BEGIN -- Outer loop.

    SELECT @Counter = 0

    WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))

      BEGIN -- update

        INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')

        DELETE DummyTrans

        SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1

      END  

    EXEC (@TruncLog)

END  

SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +

        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +

        CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'

FROM sysfiles

WHERE name = @LogicalFileName

DROP TABLE DummyTrans

SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、说明:更改某个表

exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

9、存储更改全部表

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch

@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),

@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)

AS

DECLARE @Name   as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR

select 'Name'   = name,

'Owner'   = user_name(uid)

from sysobjects

where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner

order by name

OPEN curObject

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)

BEGIN    

if @Owner=@OldOwner

begin

set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)

exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner

end

-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

END

close curObject

deallocate curObject

GO

10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据

declare @i int

set @i=1

while @i<30

begin

   insert into test (userid) values(@i)

   set @i=@i+1

end

小记存储过程中经常用到的本周,本月,本年函数

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0,getdate()),0)

Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0))

Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,0,getdate()),0)

Dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))

上面的SQL代码只是一个时间段

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

就是表示本周时间段.

下面的SQL的条件部分,就是查询时间段在本周范围内的:

Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1) AND Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

而在存储过程中

select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

 


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